Average offshore vig = 2.5-3.5%. Average regulated US vig = 4.2-5.0%. The gap costs you 1.5-2.5% on every bet. This is the full vig breakdown by sport and bet type across 16 sportsbooks in the AgentBet Vig Index, with the math on exactly what those margins cost you annually.
How We Calculate Vig
Every number in this guide comes from the AgentBet Vig Index, which pulls closing odds from The Odds API across 16 sportsbooks and computes implied probability vig using the standard overround formula:
Vig = (1/Odds_A + 1/Odds_B) − 1
For a standard -110/-110 market, that is (1/1.909 + 1/1.909) − 1 = 4.76%. For a reduced juice -105/-105 market, it is (1/1.952 + 1/1.952) − 1 = 2.44%. The difference between those two numbers — 2.32% — is money you pay on every single bet.
We track closing vig rather than opening vig because closing lines reflect the most efficient market price. Sharp action moves lines between open and close, and closing vig is what you are actually paying when the market is at its sharpest.
For the full methodology and code, see How to Calculate Vig.
Master Vig Table: All Sports, All Books
This is the core reference table — average vig across all tracked bet types for each sport at each book, as of March 2026.
| Sportsbook | NFL | NBA | MLB | NHL | CFB | CBB | Soccer | UFC | Category |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Circa | 2.2% | 2.3% | 2.1% | 2.4% | 2.8% | 3.0% | 2.8% | 3.5% | Regulated (NV) |
| Pinnacle | 2.2% | 2.3% | 2.3% | 2.5% | 3.0% | 3.2% | 2.0% | 3.2% | International |
| BetAnySports | 2.7% | 2.7% | 2.4% | 2.9% | 3.3% | 3.5% | 3.2% | 4.0% | Offshore |
| LowVig.ag | 2.9% | 2.8% | 2.7% | 3.1% | 3.5% | 3.7% | 3.5% | 4.5% | Offshore |
| Heritage Sports | 3.3% | 3.2% | 2.9% | 3.4% | 3.8% | 4.0% | 3.5% | 4.5% | Offshore |
| CRIS / Bookmaker | 2.9% | 3.0% | 2.8% | 3.2% | 3.5% | 3.7% | 3.3% | 4.2% | Offshore |
| FanDuel | 4.2% | 4.2% | 4.2% | 4.6% | 4.9% | 5.1% | 4.8% | 5.5% | Regulated (US) |
| DraftKings | 4.3% | 4.2% | 4.2% | 4.6% | 4.8% | 5.0% | 4.7% | 5.5% | Regulated (US) |
| Bet365 | 4.4% | 4.6% | 4.5% | 4.8% | 5.0% | 5.2% | 3.5% | 5.0% | Regulated (US) |
| BetMGM | 4.7% | 4.9% | 4.8% | 5.1% | 5.2% | 5.5% | 5.2% | 6.0% | Regulated (US) |
| Caesars | 4.8% | 4.9% | 4.8% | 5.0% | 5.3% | 5.5% | 5.3% | 6.0% | Regulated (US) |
| BetRivers | 4.9% | 5.0% | 4.9% | 5.1% | 5.3% | 5.6% | 5.5% | 6.2% | Regulated (US) |
| BetOnline | 5.2% | 5.0% | 4.8% | 5.0% | 5.2% | 5.4% | 4.8% | 5.0% | Offshore |
| ESPN BET | 5.0% | 5.0% | 4.9% | 5.2% | 5.3% | 5.6% | 5.5% | 6.0% | Regulated (US) |
| Bovada | 5.1% | 5.3% | 5.0% | 5.4% | 5.5% | 5.8% | 5.5% | 5.5% | Offshore |
| Fanatics | 5.2% | 5.2% | 5.0% | 5.3% | 5.4% | 5.7% | 5.5% | 6.0% | Regulated (US) |
| MyBookie | 5.5% | 5.5% | 5.2% | 5.5% | 5.7% | 6.0% | 6.0% | 6.5% | Offshore |
The pattern is consistent across every sport: Circa and Pinnacle lead, followed by offshore reduced-juice books, then DraftKings and FanDuel as the best regulated options, then BetMGM/Caesars, with Bovada and MyBookie at the bottom. The gap between top and bottom is roughly 3% — which on 1,000 bets per year at $200 average is $6,000 in annual vig savings.
NFL Vig Breakdown: Spreads vs Moneylines vs Totals
NFL is the most efficiently priced sport in US betting. The highest handle drives the tightest competition on pricing. Here is how vig breaks down by bet type.
| Sportsbook | Spreads | Moneylines | Totals | Avg NFL |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Circa | 2.0% | 2.4% | 2.2% | 2.2% |
| Pinnacle | 2.0% | 2.5% | 2.1% | 2.2% |
| BetAnySports | 2.4% | 3.0% | 2.7% | 2.7% |
| Heritage Sports | 3.0% | 3.8% | 3.2% | 3.3% |
| DraftKings | 4.2% | 4.8% | 4.0% | 4.3% |
| FanDuel | 4.0% | 3.8% | 4.8% | 4.2% |
| BetMGM | 4.5% | 5.0% | 4.6% | 4.7% |
| Bovada | 4.8% | 5.5% | 5.0% | 5.1% |
Spreads carry the lowest vig at every book because they are the most balanced two-way market — roughly equal action on each side. Moneylines carry higher vig on lopsided matchups because the favorite/underdog asymmetry lets books widen margins. FanDuel is notably better than DraftKings on NFL moneylines (3.8% vs 4.8%) while DraftKings edges FanDuel on spreads (4.2% vs 4.0% — a narrow gap).
Totals vig sits between spreads and moneylines at most books. The exception is FanDuel, which charges higher totals vig (4.8%) — likely because FanDuel attracts heavy recreational totals action and prices accordingly.
NBA Vig Breakdown
NBA vig follows the same structure as NFL but runs slightly higher at most books due to lower total handle.
| Sportsbook | Spreads | Moneylines | Totals | Avg NBA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Circa | 2.1% | 2.5% | 2.3% | 2.3% |
| Pinnacle | 2.1% | 2.6% | 2.2% | 2.3% |
| BetAnySports | 2.5% | 3.0% | 2.6% | 2.7% |
| Heritage Sports | 2.9% | 3.6% | 3.1% | 3.2% |
| DraftKings | 4.0% | 4.5% | 4.1% | 4.2% |
| FanDuel | 4.0% | 4.0% | 4.6% | 4.2% |
| BetMGM | 4.7% | 5.2% | 4.8% | 4.9% |
| Bovada | 5.0% | 5.8% | 5.1% | 5.3% |
DraftKings and FanDuel are dead even on NBA overall at 4.2%. The internal breakdown differs — FanDuel is better on moneylines, DraftKings on totals. For NBA player props specifically, DraftKings charges roughly 8.5% vig vs FanDuel’s 9.0%, making DraftKings the better all-around NBA book for most bet types.
NBA vig tightens during the playoffs as handle volume increases on high-profile series. Regular-season mid-week games carry the widest margins.
MLB Vig Breakdown: Dime Lines and Run Line Vig
MLB is unique because moneylines — not spreads — are the primary betting market. And MLB moneylines carry the lowest vig of any standard market in all of sports betting.
| Sportsbook | Moneylines | Run Lines | Totals | Avg MLB |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Circa | 2.0% | 2.3% | 2.1% | 2.1% |
| Pinnacle | 2.2% | 2.5% | 2.2% | 2.3% |
| BetAnySports | 2.3% | 2.6% | 2.4% | 2.4% |
| Heritage Sports | 2.5% | 3.2% | 3.0% | 2.9% |
| DraftKings | 3.8% | 4.5% | 4.3% | 4.2% |
| FanDuel | 4.0% | 4.5% | 4.2% | 4.2% |
| BetMGM | 4.5% | 5.0% | 4.9% | 4.8% |
| Bovada | 4.8% | 5.2% | 5.0% | 5.0% |
Circa’s 2.0% MLB moneyline vig is the single lowest number in the entire Vig Index for any sport at any book.
Dime lines matter. A dime line means the spread between favorite and underdog pricing is 10 cents — for example, -130/+120. A 15-cent line would be -130/+115. A 20-cent line: -130/+110. The difference:
| Line Type | Example | Approx Vig | Annual Cost (500 bets × $200) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dime (10¢) | -130 / +120 | 2.0-2.5% | $2,000-$2,500 |
| 15-cent | -130 / +115 | 3.5-4.0% | $3,500-$4,000 |
| 20-cent | -130 / +110 | 4.5-5.0% | $4,500-$5,000 |
Circa, Pinnacle, and BetAnySports offer dime lines on MLB. Most regulated US books run 15-cent or 20-cent lines. If you bet MLB regularly, the line width alone can cost you an extra $1,500-$2,500 per year at a regulated book.
Run line (1.5-run spread) vig is consistently higher than moneyline vig at every book because run lines are less efficiently priced — they involve the intersection of moneyline probability and run differential probability, creating more margin for the house.
NHL Vig Breakdown: Puck Line Pricing
NHL follows the same structural pattern as MLB — moneylines are the dominant market — but vig runs higher across the board because NHL handle is roughly 60-70% of NFL and NBA volume.
| Sportsbook | Moneylines | Puck Lines | Totals | Avg NHL |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Circa | 2.2% | 2.6% | 2.4% | 2.4% |
| Pinnacle | 2.3% | 2.8% | 2.4% | 2.5% |
| BetAnySports | 2.7% | 3.2% | 2.9% | 2.9% |
| Heritage Sports | 3.0% | 3.8% | 3.4% | 3.4% |
| DraftKings | 4.4% | 4.9% | 4.5% | 4.6% |
| FanDuel | 4.4% | 4.8% | 4.6% | 4.6% |
| BetMGM | 4.9% | 5.5% | 5.0% | 5.1% |
| Bovada | 5.2% | 5.8% | 5.2% | 5.4% |
Puck line vig is the highest of any NHL bet type at every book. The standard puck line is ±1.5 goals, and the pricing reflects the same complexity as MLB run lines — the book has to price both the probability of the winner and the margin of victory. Bovada’s 5.8% puck line vig is particularly expensive.
NHL period props (first-period winner, period totals) carry even higher vig — typically 6-8% at regulated books and 4-5% at sharp books. If you bet period markets, the vig gap between sharp and recreational books is at its widest.
Soccer Vig Breakdown: Pinnacle vs Offshore vs Regulated
Soccer is where Pinnacle dominates most clearly. The three-way market (home/draw/away) creates natural pricing complexity that Pinnacle handles with the lowest margins in the industry.
| Sportsbook | Match Result (3-Way) | Asian Handicap | Totals | Avg Soccer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pinnacle | 2.0% | 1.8% | 2.2% | 2.0% |
| Circa | 2.5% | 2.8% | 3.0% | 2.8% |
| Bet365 | 3.2% | 3.0% | 3.8% | 3.5% |
| BetAnySports | 3.0% | 3.2% | 3.5% | 3.2% |
| Heritage Sports | 3.3% | 3.5% | 3.8% | 3.5% |
| DraftKings | 4.5% | 4.8% | 4.9% | 4.7% |
| FanDuel | 4.6% | 4.9% | 5.0% | 4.8% |
| BetOnline | 4.5% | 5.0% | 5.0% | 4.8% |
| BetMGM | 5.0% | 5.5% | 5.2% | 5.2% |
| Bovada | 5.2% | 5.5% | 5.8% | 5.5% |
Pinnacle’s 1.8% Asian handicap vig is the lowest margin on any market at any book for any sport. If you bet soccer seriously, Pinnacle is not a luxury — it is a requirement. The gap between Pinnacle (2.0%) and DraftKings (4.7%) on soccer is 2.7%, the widest regulated-vs-sharp gap for any major sport.
Bet365 is the notable regulated exception. Its soccer vig (3.5%) is lower than any other regulated US book and competitive with offshore options, reflecting Bet365’s European heritage and deep soccer expertise.
League coverage matters too — Pinnacle and Bet365 cover 60+ leagues. Most US regulated books cover 20-30 leagues. For World Cup 2026 betting, expect vig to tighten across all books as handle increases on the highest-profile matches.
UFC/MMA Vig Analysis
UFC and MMA carry the highest vig of any sport on the main card at most books. Lower liquidity, higher information asymmetry between sharp and recreational bettors, and wider price discovery create natural margin for the house.
| Sportsbook | Moneylines | Method of Victory | Round Betting | Avg UFC |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pinnacle | 3.0% | 3.5% | 4.0% | 3.2% |
| Circa | 3.2% | 4.0% | 4.5% | 3.5% |
| BetAnySports | 3.8% | 4.5% | 5.0% | 4.0% |
| Heritage Sports | 4.2% | 5.0% | 5.5% | 4.5% |
| BetOnline | 4.8% | 5.2% | 5.5% | 5.0% |
| DraftKings | 5.2% | 5.8% | 6.5% | 5.5% |
| FanDuel | 5.2% | 6.0% | 6.5% | 5.5% |
| Bovada | 5.2% | 5.5% | 6.0% | 5.5% |
| BetMGM | 5.8% | 6.5% | 7.0% | 6.0% |
| MyBookie | 6.2% | 7.0% | 7.5% | 6.5% |
Method of victory and round betting are the highest-vig standard markets in sports betting. BetMGM charges 7.0% on round betting — meaning roughly 7 cents of every dollar wagered goes to the house before the fight starts.
For UFC specifically, BetOnline and Bovada have the deepest prop markets (round group betting, fight specials, parlay builders). DraftKings is the best regulated option for UFC prop depth. If you bet MMA seriously, the combination of high vig and wide book-to-book pricing differences makes line shopping more valuable per-bet for UFC than for any other sport.
College Football: Legal vs Offshore Vig Gap
College football vig runs 0.5-1.0% higher than NFL at every book. Lower liquidity and wider information asymmetry between sharp bettors and the public let books charge more. The legal-vs-offshore gap is also at its widest on college football.
| Sportsbook | CFB Spreads | CFB ML | CFB Totals | Avg CFB | NFL Avg | CFB Premium |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Circa | 2.5% | 3.0% | 2.8% | 2.8% | 2.2% | +0.6% |
| Pinnacle | 2.8% | 3.3% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 2.2% | +0.8% |
| BetAnySports | 3.0% | 3.8% | 3.2% | 3.3% | 2.7% | +0.6% |
| Heritage Sports | 3.5% | 4.2% | 3.8% | 3.8% | 3.3% | +0.5% |
| DraftKings | 4.6% | 5.2% | 4.7% | 4.8% | 4.3% | +0.5% |
| FanDuel | 4.7% | 5.3% | 4.8% | 4.9% | 4.2% | +0.7% |
| BetMGM | 5.0% | 5.5% | 5.2% | 5.2% | 4.7% | +0.5% |
| Bovada | 5.3% | 5.8% | 5.4% | 5.5% | 5.1% | +0.4% |
The CFB Premium column shows how much more each book charges on college football vs NFL. The premium is remarkably consistent — 0.4-0.8% across all books — but in absolute terms, the offshore-vs-legal gap is wider on college football. Circa charges 2.8% on CFB while FanDuel charges 4.9% — a 2.1% gap, compared to a 2.0% gap on NFL.
During the College Football Playoff, vig on semifinal and championship games approaches NFL levels at sharp books. Early-season games against FCS opponents carry the widest margins — 1.0-1.5% above regular conference game vig at most books.
College football also creates a unique legal wrinkle: in several regulated states, sportsbooks cannot offer player props on college sports. Offshore books like BetOnline and Bovada offer college player props in all jurisdictions, giving them a structural advantage for college bettors.
Heritage Sports Reduced Juice Savings Calculator
Heritage Sports charges -108 across all major market sides. Here is the exact math on what that saves you compared to standard -110 pricing and reduced-juice -105 pricing at BetAnySports.
| Metric | Standard (-110) | Heritage (-108) | BetAnySports (-105) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Effective vig per bet | 4.76% | 3.84% | 2.44% |
| Cost per $100 wagered | $4.76 | $3.84 | $2.44 |
| Annual cost (500 bets × $200) | $4,762 | $3,810 | $2,381 |
| Annual savings vs -110 | — | $952 | $2,381 |
| 5-year savings vs -110 | — | $4,762 | $11,905 |
These numbers assume break-even betting (50% win rate on -110 equivalent). If you are a winning bettor, the savings compound further because you are keeping more of your edge instead of giving it to the house.
Heritage Sports combines reduced juice with moderate limits ($2K-$5K on NFL sides), tolerance for winning accounts, and a clean crypto payout process. It sits in the sweet spot between the lowest-vig sharp books (Pinnacle, Circa) and the recreational books that will limit you. For a detailed look at Heritage’s full offering, see our Heritage Sports review.
BetAnySports offers the lowest standard vig at -105 but with more limited prop depth and a less polished interface. If pure vig savings are your priority and you bet primarily on sides and totals, BetAnySports wins on price.
Offshore vs Legal Sportsbook Vig Comparison
The vig gap between offshore reduced-juice books and regulated US sportsbooks is the single largest pricing inefficiency in US sports betting. Here is the sport-by-sport breakdown.
| Sport | Best Offshore Vig | Best Regulated Vig | Vig Gap | Annual Gap (500 × $200) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NFL | 2.2% (Circa) | 4.2% (FanDuel) | 2.0% | $2,000 |
| NBA | 2.3% (Circa) | 4.2% (DK/FD) | 1.9% | $1,900 |
| MLB | 2.1% (Circa) | 4.2% (DK/FD) | 2.1% | $2,100 |
| NHL | 2.4% (Circa) | 4.6% (DK/FD) | 2.2% | $2,200 |
| College Football | 2.8% (Circa) | 4.8% (DraftKings) | 2.0% | $2,000 |
| College Bball | 3.0% (Circa) | 5.0% (DraftKings) | 2.0% | $2,000 |
| Soccer | 2.0% (Pinnacle) | 3.5% (Bet365) | 1.5% | $1,500 |
| UFC/MMA | 3.2% (Pinnacle) | 5.5% (DK/FD) | 2.3% | $2,300 |
Why is offshore vig lower? Three structural reasons:
Offshore books have lower operating costs. No state licensing fees, no tax on handle (regulated books pay 10-20% tax on revenue in most states), and no compliance department overhead. Those cost savings flow directly into tighter pricing.
Market-making vs market-taking. Sharp offshore books (Pinnacle, Bookmaker, Circa) originate their own lines and use sharp action to improve their pricing — they make money on volume at thin margins. Regulated books (DraftKings, FanDuel, BetMGM) copy lines from sharp books with added vig — they make money on wider margins from recreational bettors who do not line shop. See our guide on sharp vs soft sportsbooks for the full breakdown.
Competition structure. Offshore books compete for sharp money, which forces vig down. Regulated books compete for recreational money through promos, odds boosts, and UX — not pricing. The result is that the pricing gap persists even as the regulated market matures.
For the full head-to-head, see Offshore vs Regulated Sportsbook Vig.
Closing Line Value: Which Books Offer CLV
Closing line value (CLV) is the single best predictor of long-term betting profitability. If you consistently beat the closing line, you are a winning bettor — period. But not all books offer the same CLV opportunity.
Pinnacle is the CLV benchmark. Its closing lines are the sharpest in the industry because Pinnacle accepts the most sharp action. Any bet you place at another book that beats Pinnacle’s closing line is, by definition, a +EV bet.
Market-making books (Pinnacle, Circa, Bookmaker) set their own opening lines and adjust based on action. These books offer the truest CLV because their lines reflect actual market efficiency. Bookmaker and Heritage Sports are the best CLV-capture books — they combine high limits with lines that adjust slower than Pinnacle, creating windows where you can get in at prices that will move.
Market-taking books (DraftKings, FanDuel, BetMGM, Caesars) copy sharp lines with a 30-second to 5-minute delay. This delay creates brief CLV windows — if you can identify where a DraftKings line has not yet adjusted to a Pinnacle move, you can capture CLV. The problem: these books will limit your account within 1-4 weeks of detecting sustained CLV. Post-limiting max bets typically drop to $5-$50.
| Book | CLV Source | Limit Risk | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pinnacle | Sets benchmark | None | Primary sharp book |
| Bookmaker | Originator, slower | None | CLV capture at high limits |
| Heritage Sports | Slow adjuster | Low | CLV capture with reduced juice |
| Circa | Originator | None | Nevada-based CLV + early lines |
| BetOnline | Mixed (some delay) | Medium (2-4 mo) | Short-term CLV with offshore limits |
| DraftKings | 30s-5min delay | High (1-4 wks) | Brief CLV windows, then limit risk |
| FanDuel | 30s-5min delay | High (1-4 wks) | Brief CLV windows, then limit risk |
| BetMGM | 30s-5min delay | High (1-4 wks) | Brief CLV windows, then limit risk |
For sharp bettors, the CLV API guide explains how to track and measure CLV programmatically. The best sportsbooks for sharps ranks books by limit tolerance, CLV friendliness, and arb policy.
Historical Vig Trends
The US sports betting market has become more expensive for recreational bettors over time, not less — despite increased competition.
2019: Average US sportsbook hold rate was 7.0%. This was dominated by Nevada retail and early regulated online books.
2022: Hold rate climbed to roughly 8.5% as regulated online books scaled and promoted high-margin products (parlays, SGPs, player props).
2024: Average hold rate hit 9.3% — a 33% increase from 2019. The driver was not tighter main-market pricing. Spreads and totals vig at DraftKings and FanDuel has stayed roughly constant at 4.2-4.5% for three years. The hold increase came entirely from parlay and same-game parlay proliferation, where hidden vig runs 15-25%.
2025-2026 trend: Main-market vig at regulated books is stable. Sharp offshore books have tightened further — Pinnacle’s effective margins are at all-time lows on several sports. The divergence between sharp and recreational pricing continues to widen.
The implication: if you bet primarily on sides and totals, the vig you pay has not materially changed at your book. But if you mix in parlays, SGPs, and props without tracking the true vig on those products, you are paying significantly more than you were three years ago.
For the Vig Index methodology and daily updates, see the full dashboard.
The Agent Perspective
AI betting agents in the agent betting stack use sport-specific vig data as a core routing input. An agent that routes NFL bets to Circa (2.2% vig) instead of Bovada (5.1% vig) saves 2.9% on every wager — that is $5,800 per year on 1,000 bets at $200 average.
The vig data in this guide feeds directly into the bet routing logic. When an agent evaluates a +EV opportunity, it needs to know the effective vig at each available book for that specific sport and bet type. A bet that is +1.5% EV at Pinnacle may be -0.5% EV at Bovada after accounting for the higher vig.
Cross-sport vig differences also matter for agent portfolio construction. An agent running NFL spreads at sharp books operates in a 2.0-2.5% vig environment. The same agent betting UFC round props operates in a 4.0-7.0% vig environment. The +EV threshold for placing a UFC prop bet needs to be 2-4x higher than for an NFL spread to justify the vig cost.
For prediction market integration, compare sportsbook vig against Polymarket and Kalshi fees (typically 1-2%) on overlapping markets. Prediction market pricing can serve as a cross-reference for true fair value.
What’s Next
- AgentBet Vig Index — Full daily vig rankings across 16 sportsbooks
- How to Calculate Vig — The formula, code, and de-vig methodology
- Best Sportsbook Odds by Sport — Overall rankings by sport
- Best Sportsbooks for Sharps — Limits, CLV tolerance, and arb policies
- Offshore vs Regulated Vig — Full head-to-head comparison
- Offshore Juice Comparison — Programmatic vig analysis across offshore books
- Vig Shopping Strategy — How to exploit vig differentials
- DraftKings vs FanDuel vs BetMGM Odds — Big three comparison
- Best Sportsbook by Sport — Which book to use for what
- Reduced Juice Sportsbooks — Heritage, BetAnySports, and LowVig.ag compared